APS Member History

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1	Name:	Mr. Neil Armstrong
	Institution:	NASA
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	August 25, 2012

	Neil A. Armstrong will always be known as the first man to walk on the moon, saying "One small step for (a) man. One giant step for mankind." as he stepped onto the surface. As a naval aviator, he flew combat missions from the aircraft carrier USS Essex in the Korean action, and subsequently spent 17 years with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as an engineer, research pilot, astronaut and administrator. As a research pilot for NASA's Flight Research Center at Edwards, CA, Mr. Armstrong was project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the rocket powered X-1 and the hypersonic X-15. He was selected as an astronaut in 1962. He was commander of the Gemini 8 flight in 1966 when he performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, he, with colleagues Mike Collins and Buzz Aldrin, completed the first landing mission to the moon. Neil Armstrong subsequently was responsible for the management of overall NASA research and technology work related to aeronautics. During the years 1971 through 1979, he was the University Professor of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. He was the Chairman of the EDO Corporation, an engineering systems manufacturing firm. He received his engineering education at Purdue University and the University of Southern California. Mr. Armstrong was a Fellow of the Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society, and Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the International Aeronautical Federation. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He served as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps (1971-73), as Vice Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986), and as a member of the National Commission on Space (1985-86). Mr. Armstrong's explorations on earth include reaching the North Pole and, with the British Army, mapping caves in the Oriente of Ecuador. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2011 and was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Neil Armstrong died on August 25, 2012, at the age of 82.

2	Name:	Lord Alec Broers
	Institution:	University of Cambridge; Royal Academy of Engineering
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	Sir Alec Broers' career has greatly illuminated the industrial application of physics. Specifically, his primary research interests concern the application of ultra violet light, electrons and x-rays to microscopy. Dr. Broers spent almost 20 years working for IBM in the United States; upon leaving the company in 1984, he became professor of electrical engineering at the University of Cambridge. He has served on numerous British government, EEC, and NATO committees including the U.K. Engineering and Physics Science and Research Council (EPSRC), the Cabinet Office Foresight Panel on Information Technology, and the NATO Special Panel on Nanoscience. A member of the Royal Society, he is also a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. For six years he was Master of Churchill College and was elected Vice Chancellor of Cambridge University in 1996. He is currently Vice Chancellor Emeritus and Professor of Electrical Engineering Emeritus at Cambridge as well as president of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

3	Name:	Mr. William T. Coleman
	Institution:	O'Melveny & Myers
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	March 31, 2017

	William T. Coleman, Jr., was a Senior Partner and the Senior Counselor in O'Melveny & Myers LLP's Washington, D.C. office. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Pennsylvania and his law degree from Harvard University Law School in 1946, where he was an editor of the Law Review. As a member of Thurgood Marshall's legal team at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Mr. Coleman was a main architect of the legal strategy leading to Brown v. Board of Education and the desegregation of schools and other public facilities throughout the United States. He has played a leading role for nearly half a century in the effort to give reality to the principle of equality under the law. Mr. Coleman had extensive litigation experience in the corporate, antitrust, natural gas and constitutional law fields; foreign trade and other international matters; and the handling of corporate acquisitions and divestitures. In addition to his active practice of the law, he became president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund in 1971 - later serving as its chair - as well as adviser to six presidents, including Gerald Ford, who appointed him Secretary of Transportation in 1975. William T. Coleman was the recipient of numerous honors including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), an officer of the French Legion of Honor (1979), the NAACP's Thurgood Marshall Lifetime Achievement Award (1997) and the Judge Henry J. Friendly Medal of the Council of the American Law Institute (2000). His autobiography, Counsel for the Situation, was released in 2010. Mr. Coleman was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. He died March 31, 2017, at the age of 96.

4	Name:	Ms. Linda Greenhouse
	Institution:	Yale Law School
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Linda Greenhouse is a senior research scholar at Yale Law School, where she has taught since 2009. For 30 years before that, she was the Supreme Court correspondent for the New York Times and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her reporting. In 2005 she was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Henry Allen Moe Prize in the Humanities in recognition of her paper "'Because We Are Final': Judicial Review Two Hundred Years after Marbury," delivered as part of the symposium "The Two Hundredth Anniversary of Marbury v. Madison," at the Society's 2003 April Meeting and published in the March 2004 Proceedings. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001, became a Vice President of the Society in 2012, and was elected its President for 2017-23. She is a graduate of Radcliffe College, Harvard University, and earned the degree of Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School, which she attended on a Ford Foundation Fellowship. Among numerous awards during a 40-year career in journalism were the Pulitzer Prize (1998); the Henry J. Friendly Medal from the American Law Institute, of which she is an honorary member; and the Carey McWilliams Award from the American Political Science Association for "a major journalistic contribution to our understanding of politics." In 2020 she received the Franklin Founder Award from "Celebration! of Benjamin Franklin, Founder," a consortium of representatives of Franklin-related institutions. Among her publications are Becoming Justice Blackmun (2005); (with Reva B. Siegel) Before Roe v. Wade: Voices That Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling (2010); The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction (2012); and (with Michael J. Graetz) The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right (2016); Just A Journalist: On the Press, Life, and the Spaces Between (2017); and Justice on the Brink: The Death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Rise of Amy Coney Barrett, and Twelve Months That Transformed the Supreme Court. She is a former member of the Harvard University Board of Overseers and currently serves on the Senate of Phi Beta Kappa and the Council of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

5	Name:	Dr. J. Bryan Hehir
	Institution:	Harvard University; Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Boston
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	When J. Bryan Hehir was named chair of Harvard Divinity School's Executive Committee, Harvard Magazine's headline read, "Ecumenical Choice at the Divinity School." Announcing the position, then-President Neil Rudenstine said, "(Father Hehir's) combination of qualities - humanity, leadership, intelligence, judgment, commitment, and administration ability - is quite simply superb." Father Hehir was the main drafter of the Catholic Bishop Conference's The Challenge of Peace (on the ethics of nuclear war and deterrence) in 1983. He has written abundantly on the ethics of force, on bio-ethics, development and population issues, and on Vatican diplomacy. He continues to carry pastoral responsibilities as a Catholic priest of the Boston Diocese and to act as an active counsellor to the Catholic Aid Services, the relief and development agency of the U.S. Catholic bishops throughout the world. He is an outstanding teacher and also continues in that role. He is presently Parker Gilbert Montgomery Professor of the Practice of Religion and Public Life at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government and President of the Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Boston.

6	Name:	Mr. Wataru Hiraizumi
	Institution:	Kajima Institute of International Peace
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	July 7, 2015

	Wataru Hiraizumi is an accomplished person and scholar whose linguistic capabilities are astonishing. He is fluent in English, French and several other languages and maintains an extensive multilingual library. He is extremely knowledgeable concerning international affairs, economic trends, social and governmental happenings and politics. His article on human longevity and its profound effects on nations and social obligations is a major contribution from Japan to understanding a challenging trend. Wataru Hiraizumi received his Bachelor of the Faculty of Law degree from Tokyo University in 1952. A longtime member of the Japanese Parliament (National Diet), he is currently President of the Kajima Intitute of International Peace.

7	Name:	Mr. Philippe de Montebello
	Institution:	New York University & Metropolitan Museum of Art
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	Philippe de Montebello directed the Metropolitan Museum of Art - the largest and most comprehensive art museum in the Western Hemisphere - for 31 years. In January 2008 he announced that he would retire at the end of the year and assume a professorship at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. As the first Fiske Kimball Professor in the History and Culture of Museums, he will teach while also advising the university on its plan for a new overseas campus in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Mr. de Montebello attended French schools before graduating from Harvard University in 1958 with a B.A. degree in the history of art. After serving as a Woodrow Wilson Fellow, he received an advanced degree from New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. With the exception of four and one half years spent as the Director of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, his career evolved at the Metropolitan Museum. Under Mr. de Montebello's leadership, the Museum has nearly doubled in size and is today the world's most encyclopedic art museum. Its permanent collections - housed in 17 curatorial departments - embrace some two million works of art spanning 5,000 years of world culture, from prehistory to the present. During Mr. de Montebello's tenure, the Metropolitan has focused much of its resources on reinstalling, conserving, and publishing its permanent collection, while also pursuing an active acquisition program through purchase. And, to the five million people who visit the Museum each year, it is his familiar voice that guides visitors in special exhibitions and installations through the audio guides that he has narrated throughout his tenure as Director. Mr. de Montebello has been awarded several honors, including Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur in 1991, the 2002 Blérancourt Prize for his contributions to the cultural bond between France and America, and was one of eight 2009 National Humanities Medalists. Mr. de Montebello was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. In 2014 he collaborated with Marting Gayford to write Rendez-vous with Art.

8	Name:	Dr. H. Guyford Stever
	Institution:	Carnegie Mellon University
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	April 9, 2010

	H. Guyford Stever received a Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology in 1941. He joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1941 and remained until 1965, serving as professor, executive officer of the guided missiles program (1946-48), associate dean of engineering (1956-59), and head of the departments of mechanical engineering, naval architecture, and marine engineering (1961-65). He was president of Carnegie Mellon University from 1965-72 and director of the National Science Foundation from 1972-76. Dr. Stever has also served as Science Advisor to the President (1972-76), White House Science and Technology Advisor to the President, director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, chairman of the Federal Coordination Committee for Science, Engineering, and Technology (1976-77) and chairman of the Policy Division of the National Research Council. As a scientist, H. Guyford Stever contributed professionally to aeronautical and space engineering, cosmic rays, and gas dynamics. His presidency of Carnegie Mellon University was marked by significant change and growth, including the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology and the Mellon Institute. As Director of the National Science Foundation, he strengthened NSF's highest priority mission as supporter of basic research. As Science Advisor to the President during the OPEC oil embargo of 1973, he rapidly increased NSF's non-fossil and renewable energy sources research; he also helped President Ford reestablish the White House science structure. Dr. Stever is a recipient of the Distinguished Public Service Medal of the Department of Defense, Commander, Polish Order of Merit, Distinguished Public Service Award from NASA, National Medal of Science, and the Vannevar Bush Award from the National Science Foundation. He has been a trustee of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute since 1980. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Japan Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001.

9	Name:	Lord David Sainsbury of Turville
	Institution:	United Kingdom
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	Lord Sainsbury is a man of broad culture, keen intellect and pleasant, modest personality. He successfully managed a major industrial company in England and advanced the Sainsbury family tradition of being an outstandingly responsible and generous concerned citizen of the United Kingdom. Turning to public service, he has served on several U.K. government missions and was appointed in 1998 as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Science with responsibility for the Office of Science and Technology, Research Councils and space matters. He retired as a Minister in November 2006 and now concentrates on his charitable activities, the foremost of which is the Gatsby Foundation. He was elected to Chancellor of Cambridge University in 2011.

10	Name:	Dr. Mark S. Wrighton
	Institution:	Washington University in St. Louis
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1949

	Before being named chancellor of Washington University in 1995, Mark Wrighton served for five years as provost of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was an assistant professor at M.I.T. at the age of 23 and, fifteen years later, became chairman of the Department of Chemistry. Dr. Wrighton's gifts as a teacher, administrator and scientist are widely recognized. For his achievements has received the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, the Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Grant, and the American Chemist Society Award in Pure Chemistry, among other honors. From 1983-88 he was a MacArthur Fellow, and he is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the American Chemical Society; and the Electrochemical Society. In 2018 he was named a leader of United Way community campaigns. Mark Wrighton was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001.